Cov hom tseem ceeb thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm photovoltaic inverter
Photovoltaic inverters tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg: centralized, hlua, faib thiab micro inverters. Centralized inverter system muaj lub zog loj tag nrho thiab yog siv rau hauv cov haujlwm loj xws li hauv av photovoltaic fais fab chaw nres tsheb nrog cov teeb pom kev zoo; faib inverters tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlua inverters thiab micro inverters, uas feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom me me thiab nruab nrab, kev lag luam thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev photovoltaic, nyob rau hauv cov hlua hom yog lub ntsiab faib khoom inverter hom. Distributed inverters muaj ob qho tib si hauv nruab nrab thiab txoj hlua-hom nta, thiab tau siv dav hauv cov haujlwm xws li roob frontrunners. Lub micro-inverter yog los taug qab lub siab tshaj plaws lub zog siab tshaj tus nqi ntawm txhua qhov photovoltaic module ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab tom qab ntawd sib koom ua ke rau hauv AC daim phiaj tom qab inversion. Lub peev xwm ib leeg ntawm micro-inverter feem ntau yog qis dua 1kW.
Tus naj npawb ntawm centralized nkag mus rau photovoltaic pab pawg cov hlua yog loj, thiab ib leeg muaj peev xwm feem ntau yog ntau tshaj 500KW. Lub centralized inverter yog ib hom ntawm photovoltaic inverter nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Nws txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm yog txhawm rau ua ke DC tam sim no tsim los ntawm ntau lub photovoltaic modules thiab taug qab qhov siab tshaj plaws lub zog siab tshaj plaws (MPPT), thiab tom qab ntawd lub hauv paus inverter hloov pauv qhov hloov pauv ncaj qha tam sim no thiab txhawb nqa qhov hluav taws xob, txhawm rau kom paub txog lub zog hluav taws xob. Ib leeg MPPT yog nruab nrog 2-12 pawg photovoltaic. Lub zog ntawm txhua MPPT tuaj yeem ncav cuag 125-1000kW, thiab lub peev xwm ntawm txhua MPPT feem ntau yog siab dua 500KW, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub zog siab thiab muaj peev xwm loj.
Centralized inverters tuaj yeem txo tus naj npawb ntawm kev siv, txo cov nqi thiab kev poob, thiab pab txhawb kev tswj hwm hauv nruab nrab. Vim muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub peev xwm loj ntawm centralized inverters, kev siv centralized inverters rau photovoltaic fais fab chaw nres tsheb ntawm tib lub teev tuaj yeem txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov inverters siv, txo qhov kev poob tag nrho ntawm lub cev, thiab pab txhawb kev txhim kho hauv nruab nrab thiab kev tswj hwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub hauv nruab nrab inverter nws tus kheej muaj kev sib koom ua ke siab, kev tswj yooj yim, thev naus laus zis zoo, thiab nqi tsev qis. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob yam tuaj yeem txo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm centralized inverters tuaj yeem txo cov kev sib haum xeeb thiab txhim kho tag nrho lub zog tsim kom zoo ntawm lub cev. Thaum ua qhov Fourier decomposition ntawm cov nqi uas tsis yog-sinusoidal, peb yuav tau txais ib feem ntawm tus nqi ntau dua li qhov tseem ceeb zaus, uas yog, qhov sib haum xeeb, nws zaus feem ntau yog qhov sib npaug ntau ntawm cov zaus. Harmonics yuav tsim harmonic voltage poob ntawm lub luv-circuit impedance ntawm daim phiaj fais fab, yog li cuam tshuam rau qhov voltage waveform; nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau lub zos series-parallel resonance nyob rau hauv lub system, ua rau cov khoom puas. Tus naj npawb ntawm centralized inverters siv yog me me, uas tuaj yeem txo tus lej ntawm cov koob thiab sib npaug, thiab txo cov ntsiab lus sib haum xeeb, yog li ua kom muaj kev faib ua feem ntawm cov nthwv dej hauv lub zog tsim hluav taws xob, thiab txhim kho tag nrho cov khoom tsim hluav taws xob zoo.\
Txuas mus rau ntau pawg ntawm DC inputs, qhov nruab nrab ntawm MPPT voltage ntau yog nqaim, uas cuam tshuam rau tag nrho lub zog tsim kev ua haujlwm. Tus naj npawb ntawm PV cov hlua txuas nrog ib leeg MPPT ntawm lub hauv paus inverter yog qhov loj, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm txhua pawg ntawm PV hlua, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem lav tias txhua txoj hlua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, yog li txo cov nqi tag nrho. . lub zog tsim efficiency. Qhov voltage ntau ntawm MPPT centralized feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 500-850V. Vim qhov nqaim MPPT voltage ntau, qhov hloov kho ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab inverter tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo tsis zoo xws li nag los nag, qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub kaw lus qis dua qhov tsawg kawg nkaus voltage ntawm inverter MPPT, thiab lub zog tsim hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem ua tau, uas cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm tsim hluav taws xob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nkag mus rau ntau yam ntawm DC inputs, cov tshuab photovoltaic xav tau kev hloov pauv zoo ntawm cov khoom. Thaum ib qho ntawm cov khoom ua tsis tiav, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau tag nrho lub zog tsim hluav taws xob thiab lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ntawm qhov system.
Lub centralized inverter yog loj nyob rau hauv loj thiab yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb lub computer chav tsev, uas yuav ua rau kom qhov teeb meem ntawm installation. Vim lub peev xwm loj ntawm ib chav tsev, qhov ntim thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab inverter yog qhov loj, thiab chav tsev khoom tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau tsim tawm sab nraum zoov rau kev tso kawm. Chav tsev kho mob tshwj xeeb nyob hauv thaj chaw loj, uas ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntawm kev teeb tsa thaum nce tag nrho cov nqi av ntawm qhov system. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim lub airtightness ntawm cov khoom siv chav tsev, tso lub inverter nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv chav tsev yuav ua rau cov cua tsis zoo nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev, uas yuav ua rau thermal teeb meem.
Cov hlua inverter txais yuav tus qauv tsim, uas tuaj yeem paub txog kev ua haujlwm zoo MPPT. Lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab siv txoj hlua photovoltaic inverter feem ntau hloov DC tam sim no tsim los ntawm cov qauv ua ntej los ntawm inverter, thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws tso rau hauv AC daim phiaj tom qab confluence, step-up transformation thiab AC fais fab faib. Piv nrog rau hauv nruab nrab inverter, txoj hlua inverter txais kev tsim qauv thiab muaj ntau yam MPPTs; tus naj npawb ntawm PV modules txuas nrog txhua MPPT tsawg dua, feem ntau yog 1-4 pawg, uas tuaj yeem paub txog kev faib MPPT. Nrhiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Txij li thaum muaj ob peb nkag terminals, thaum ib qho kev tiv thaiv tsis ua haujlwm, nws tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas nrog cov khoom siv, kom ntseeg tau tias lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab photovoltaic tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm ib qho kev tivthaiv, thiab kev daws teeb meem mismatch teeb meem ntawm centralized photovoltaic fais fab nroj tsuag.
Cov hlua MPPT muaj qhov dav dav, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub sijhawm tsim hluav taws xob thiab lub zog tsim hluav taws xob. MPPT voltage ntau ntawm cov hlua inverter yog dav, feem ntau 200V-1000V, thiab qhov kho tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub teeb tsis txaus lossis huab cua tsis zoo rau kev tsim hluav taws xob, tag nrho qhov hluav taws xob ntawm photovoltaic modules yuav qis. Qhov dav MPPT qhov hluav taws xob ntau tuaj yeem npog qhov hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob, yog li ua kom lub zog tsim hluav taws xob lub sijhawm ntawm lub kaw lus thiab txhim kho tag nrho lub zog tsim hluav taws xob.
Paralleling ntau inverters ua rau cov xaim poob thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem resonance. Piv nrog rau centralized inverters, tus neeg muaj peev xwm ntawm txoj hlua inverters yog me me, feem ntau 100KW los yog tsawg dua; rau photovoltaic fais fab chaw nres tsheb ntawm tib lub teev, xaiv siv txoj hlua inverters yuav ua rau cov inverters nce. Ntau txoj hlua inverters yuav txuas nrog rau tib lub sijhawm, thiab cov hlau tsis zoo yuav nce ntxiv raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov inverters siv nce. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib txuas ntawm ntau lub inverters yuav ua rau muaj kev sib haum xeeb tag nrho, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tawm tsam yuav nce, qhov teeb meem resonance yuav hnyav dua, thiab nws yuav yooj yim ua rau tsis ua haujlwm thiab hlawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Distributed inverter yog ib hom tshiab ntawm inverter uas sib txuas qhov zoo ntawm centralized thiab hlua hom. Distributed inverter yog ib yam tshiab ntawm photovoltaic inverter, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm centralized inverter thiab hlua inverter. Distributed inverters tuaj yeem nkag siab tias yog centralized inverter thiab decentralized optimization. Ua ntej, qhov siab tshaj plaws lub zog ncov nrhiav (MPPT) yog nqa tawm los ntawm ntau txoj hlua inverters, thiab tom qab ntawd cov inverters hauv nruab nrab tau hloov mus rau hauv AC fais fab sib txuas tom qab sib txuas. Piv nrog rau centralized inverters, faib inverters muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ywj pheej, kev tsim hluav taws xob siab thiab kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho; piv nrog cov hlua inverters, faib inverters siv decentralized optimization. Lub tom kawg centralized confluence inverter zoo heev txo cov khoom siv ntawm qhov system. Tam sim no, nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev ua qauv qhia hauv paus hauv Suav teb. Vim qhov kev txhim kho lig ntawm kev faib cov tshuaj inverter, qhov kev paub dhau los tsis txaus, thiab daim ntawv thov loj tseem tsis tau tsim; Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, vim lub centralized inverter txoj kev, qhov kev daws teeb meem no yuav tsum tau siv ib tug mob siab rau lub computer chav rau dissipate tshav kub los ntawm lub centralized inverter, ua rau kom lub usable cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub system.
Lub micro-inverter tuaj yeem ua MPPT tswj ntawm tus kheej cov khoom, thiab lub zog tsim hluav taws xob thiab qib tsim hluav taws xob yog siab. Sib txawv ntawm lwm yam inverters, lub micro-inverter yog kev koom ua ke nrog txhua photovoltaic module, thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau lub siab tshaj plaws zog ncov mus txog qhovtwg (MPPT) tswj ntawm ib tug module, yog li zoo heev txhim kho lub zuag qhia tag nrho lub zog tsim efficiency thiab lub zog tsim ntawm lub system. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub micro-inverter muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov me me thiab lub teeb yuag, thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw cia ntxiv, uas ua rau kom yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov chaw nres tsheb me me thiab nruab nrab xws li tsev neeg. Rau qhov chaw nres tsheb fais fab ntawm tib qhov teev, kev siv cov micro-inverters yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej siv ntau dua, thiab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lub kaw lus yog siab dua li ntawm cov tshuab siv centralized lossis hlua inverter daws.
