Thaum tshav kub kub cia tshuab: txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv ntau lub zog siv hluav taws xob, muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev thov tsis sib haum, ua rau kev siv hluav taws xob tsis tsim nyog thiab cov khoom pov tseg ntau. Kev siv hluav taws xob xws li hnub ci zog thiab kev lag luam pov tseg hluav taws xob tsawg, uas tsis yog tsuas yog siv cov khoom siv pov tseg xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau cov pa phem tsis zoo rau cov huab cua puag ncig.
Vim li no, kev txhim kho kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas lub teb chaws yuav tsum tau ua ntej los siv cov tswv yim txhim kho kom ruaj khov, thiab kev tsim kho cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob rau kev siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab kev siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Muaj peev txheej muaj
Hnub ci zog yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab. Nws yog" inexhaustible thiab inexhaustible" thiab yog dav faib thiab tsis muaj kuab paug. Nws yog ib qho kev lag luam huv huv. Lub hnub tuaj yeem tso tawm lub zog ntawm 391 × 1021 kW ib ob. Txawm hais tias lub zog tawg mus rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsuas yog ib-2.2 billionth ntawm nws, nws yog sib npaug rau 80,000 npaug ntawm lub ntiaj teb' lub zog tsim. kuv lub teb chaws yog ib lub teb chaws nplua nuj nyob rau hnub ci zog. Ntau tshaj li ob feem peb ntawm lub teb chaws muaj hnub ci hluav taws xob txhua xyoo ntau dua 6 GJ·m2 thiab cov hnub ci txhua xyoo ntau dua 2,200 teev. Lub hnub ci hluav taws xob txhua xyoo tau txais los ntawm lub ntiaj teb' qhov chaw hauv kuv lub tebchaws yog li 50 × 1019 kJ, uas yog sib npaug rau 170 billion tons ntawm cov qauv thee. Cov peev txheej hnub ci ntau ntau kuj muab cov kev mob zoo rau kuv lub teb chaws' txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev siv lub hnub ci tsim hluav taws xob. Cov khib nyiab hluav taws xob feem ntau yog los ntawm kev lag luam xws li metallurgy, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv xyoo 2010 tau pom tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj txog li 67% ntawm tag nrho cov roj cua sov, uas qhov kev rov qab tau nce mus txog 60%. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pov tseg hauv kuv lub teb chaws yog tsawg, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob pov tseg ntawm cov tuam txhab hlau loj thiab hlau yog li 30%. ~ 50%.
Muaj ntau chav rau kev txhim kho kev siv tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pov tseg hauv kuv lub tebchaws. Coj cov kev lag luam metallurgical ua piv txwv. Hauv xyoo 2010, kuv lub teb chaws cov khoom siv roj av yog 627 lab tons. Lub zog muaj nyob rau hauv cov roj flue uas tsim tau yog sib npaug rau 30 lab tons ntawm cov qauv thee, thiab cov hlau slag tsim muaj kwv yees li 280 lab tons, thiab cov thermal zog muaj sib npaug rau 10 lab tons ntawm cov qauv thee. . Tam sim no, qhov kev siv ntawm flue roj pov tseg thaum tshav kub kub nyob rau hauv domestic hlau thiab steel tuam txhab uas muag yog hais txog 30%, thiab kev siv tus nqi ntawm cov hlau thiab steel slag pov tseg tshav kub yog yuav luag xoom. Yog tias qhov siv hluav taws xob pov tseg ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nce mus rau 90% thiab kev siv tus nqi ntawm cov hlau slag pov tseg hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nce mus rau 60%, 21.6 lab tons ntawm cov qauv thee tuaj yeem txuag tau txhua xyoo, CO2 emission txo txog li 50 lab. tons, thiab 3.3 billion kWh ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim tawm.
Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias kev rov qab los ntawm cov hluav taws kub pov tseg yog qhov kev xav tau loj ntawm kuv lub teb chaws' lub zog lub tswv yim, nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab tseem ceeb heev rau kuv lub teb chaws' kev txhim kho kev lag luam, kev vam meej hauv zej zog. , thiab National Energy Security. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias nws yog lub hnub ci zog lossis kev lag luam pov tseg cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, muaj teeb meem ntawm kev sib tshuam thiab tsis ruaj khov, uas cuam tshuam rau kev txhawb nqa thiab kev siv cov cuab yeej cuam tshuam.
Kev xav tau ceev rau nruab nrab thiab siab kub latent tshav kub cia tshuab
Kev siv cov cuab yeej siv cua sov tuaj yeem txo qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thermal thiab kev xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm, kev siv thiab qhov chaw, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm thermal zog tshuab. Thaum tshav kub kub cia feem ntau suav nrog peb hom: paub qhov kub thiab txias cia, latent tshav kub cia thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv tshav kub cia.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshav kub tseem nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb theem vim nws txoj kev nyuaj, kev nyuaj, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo; Txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig tau siv dav, qhov chaw khaws cia kub yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj cua sov cia ceev ntawm ib chav tsev ntim ntawm cov khoom siv cua sov Cov ntaub ntawv loj heev ua rau lub peev xwm loj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau, cov txheej txheem nyuaj, thiab tus nqi siab. .
Latent tshav kub cia yog siv lub latent cua sov tso tawm los yog absorbed los ntawm cov theem hloov txheej txheem ntawm lub tshav kub cia khoom khaws cia thiab tso cua sov. Piv nrog rau cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob zoo, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob latent muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj hauv ib chav tsev ntim, thiab muaj lub zog loj dua nqus thiab tso tawm nyob rau hauv cov theem hloov pauv kub, thiab qhov chaw cia thiab tso tawm qhov kub thiab txias yog nqaim, uas yog qhov zoo. kom them thiab tso tawm Qhov kub ntawm cov txheej txheem thermal yog ruaj khov.
Txhawm rau txhim kho kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab txo cov nqi, hnub ci thermal siv tshuab yog txav mus rau kev ua haujlwm siab dua. Kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thermal tau tshaj 600 ° C, thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau kuj tseem siab heev (piv txwv li, lub converter flue roj kub yog 1600 ° C. txog).
Tag nrho cov no urgently yuav tsum tau tshawb fawb thiab tsim nruab nrab thiab siab kub latent tshav kub cia technologies. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau ua cov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau qib xws li cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem rau lub sijhawm ntev, los txog rau tam sim no, tseem tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab loj thiab qhov kub thiab txias latent heat storage system uas ua haujlwm ruaj khov.
Tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb tob hauv daim teb no los ntawm ntau lub tsev tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, ua ke nrog cov xwm txheej tam sim no thiab cov qauv ntawm kev tsim technology hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, nws ntseeg tau tias qhov nruab nrab thiab kub kub latent cua sov cia tshuab feem ntau ntsib cov hauv qab no. teeb meem zoo heev.
Ua ntej, muaj qhov tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab thiab siab kub latent cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj cov khoom zoo xws li cov cua kub ceev ceev thiab muaj zog thermal conductivity. Lub hauv paus ntawm latent heat storage technology yog theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv. Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis qis (< 100="" °="" c)="" raws="" li="" paraffin="" wax="" thiab="" hydrated="" ntsev="" tau="" dav,="" thiab="" nws="" kuj="" tau="" siv="" rau="" hauv="" kev="" tsim="" kho="" thiab="" khaub="" ncaws.="" txawm="" li="" cas="" los="" xij,="" cov="" ntaub="" ntawv="" kub="" kub="" nruab="" nrab="" thiab="" siab="" kub,="" tshwj="" xeeb="" tshaj="" yog="" kub="" theem="" hloov="" cov="" ntaub="" ntawv="" kub="" cia="" nrog="" lub="" melting="" point=""> 600 ° C, tseem tsis muaj.
Qhov thib ob, qhov nruab nrab thiab siab kub theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv kub cia yog cov ntsev inorganic thiab alloys. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv sib tw yuav tsum muaj kev nkag siab tob txog cov thermodynamics thiab kinetic mechanisms ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm microstructure ntawm cov khoom siv thermal ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ob yam: txhim kho cov cua sov hloov thiab txuag hluav taws xob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub encapsulation ntawm cov kua-kem theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lwj ntawm thermal zog thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem kev pab cuam kuj tseem indispensable ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm nruab nrab thiab siab kub theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no feem ntau yog ib qho teeb meem hauv kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm siab kom tsim tau
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau kawm cov hlau ua cov khoom siv cua sov. Xyoo 1980, Birchenall et al. ntsuas thiab txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv thermophysical ntawm binary thiab ternary alloys muaj li ntawm Al, Cu, Mg, Si thiab Zn, uas muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, thiab pom tias cov theem hloov pauv kub yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 780 ~ 850 K thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv Si. Los yog Al alloys muaj qhov kub siab tshaj plaws khaws cia ceev, thiab tom qab ntawd aluminium thiab silicon-raws li alloy theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia kub tau raug kawm ntau.
Inorganic ntsev cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau qhov chaw, theem loj hloov enthalpy qhov tseem ceeb, thiab tus nqi nruab nrab, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau kev siv raws li nruab nrab thiab siab kub theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv kub cia. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm txog cov khoom siv thermophysical ntawm molten ntsev nrog qhov kub siab tshaj 450 ℃, thiab txuas ntxiv kev siv cov ntsev inorganic eutectic nrog qhov kub ntawm 220 ℃ txog 290 ℃ mus rau thaj tsam ntawm lub hnub ci thermal fais fab, thiab dhau kev sim xws li kev sib txawv. scanning calorimetry. Txoj kev, lub thermophysical zog ntawm molten ntsev tau ntsuas.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ntim hloov pauv ntawm ntau lub tshuab ntsev ntsev ua ntej thiab tom qab lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntau dua 10%. Qhov loj dua qhov hloov pauv tus nqi nce cov voids nyob rau hauv molten ntsev theem hloov cov khoom siv, cuam tshuam rau lub tshav kub cia / tso tawm tus nqi, thiab ua rau kom kub cia. Qhov tsim teeb meem ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub cev txo cov cua sov ua kom zoo. Vim li no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm molten ntsev theem hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog cov hlau tsis muaj steel, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov hlau tsis muaj steel muaj qhov zoo tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm feem ntau cov ntsev ntsev.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub voj voog kev ua haujlwm ntawm ternary aluminium-raws li alloy theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntim khoom; kev sib raug zoo ntawm fluoride molten ntsev nrog cobalt, nickel thiab refractory hlau ntsiab alloy hlau; lub compatibility ntawm lithium hydroxide nrog structural alloy cov ntaub ntawv Nyob rau hauv lwm yam, cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tau tshawb fawb.
Txawm hais tias qee qhov txiaj ntsig tau ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm theem nruab nrab thiab siab kub hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tus nqi ntawm cov hlau thiab alloy theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv yog siab, thiab qhov kub cia ceev ntawm ib chav tsev loj yog txwv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlau alloy theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog dua tom qab theem hloov. , Qhov kub thiab txias corrosion zoo heev txwv nws daim ntawv thov dav hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab thiab kub kub cia.
Raws li ib theem hloov cov khoom siv thaum tshav kub kub, molten ntsev muaj ib theem loj hloov enthalpy, siab kub cia ceev, thiab tus nqi nruab nrab. Nws muaj peev xwm loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab thiab kub kub cia daim ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, molten ntsev muaj cov thermal conductivity tsis zoo thiab muaj teeb meem kub kub corrosion nrog hlau alloy theem hloov cov ntaub ntawv, uas tseem yog ib qho teeb meem uas txwv tsis pub nws daim ntawv thov.
Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm high-kev ua tau zoo thaum tshav kub kub cia cov ntaub ntawv thiab lawv cov kev npaj yog ib tug inevitable qauv nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm nruab nrab thiab kub kub cia cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib tug inevitable txoj kev rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tshav kub cia technology.
Lub dispersion ntawm lub hnub ci zog, kev lag luam khib nyiab tshav kub, lub zog loj, thiab qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab txhua yam yuav tsum tau nruab nrab thiab siab kub theem hloov hluav taws xob cia tshuab.
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob loj loj suav nrog kev sib tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv science, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, heat and mass transfer and multiphase flow.
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm high-performance nruab nrab thiab siab kub theem hloov tshav kub cia cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau lub teb ntawm nruab nrab thiab kub kub cia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnub ci thermal zog tsim, industrial khib nyiab thaum tshav kub kub rov qab thiab lwm yam teb.
